Usapang Child Support: Sino at Magkano ang Dapat Ibayad?

Suporta sa anak o child support ang isa sa madalas nagpapalala sa away ng mga naghiwalay na na mag-asawa o dating magka-relasyon. Ito'y dahil hindi madali ang mga responsibilidad na naiwan sa isang magulang na solong nagpapalaki sa anak nito. Ano man ang dahilan ng paghihiwalay ng mag-asawa o dating magka-relasyon, isa lamang ang importante at hindi magbabago — ang mga anak ay dapat sinusuportahan ng kanilang mga magulang, legitimate o illegitimate man ang isang bata.

Ngunit madalas na tanong — magkano ba ang suportang dapat ibibigay ng isang magulang sa anak nito?

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1. Ano ang legal na basehan ng Child Support?

Ayon sa Article 194 ng Family Code, ang Child Support ay sustentong kinakailangan ng isang bata para mabuhay — food, dwelling, clothing, medical expenses, education at transporation. Ngunit ito ay naaayon sa kapasidad ng kanyang pamilya.

Dahil nasa ilalim ng parental authority ang isang bata habang minor de edad ito, obligado ang mga magulang na suportahan ang kanilang mga anak na hindi pa tumuntung sa edad na 18-anyos.

Natatapos ang Child Support sa edad na 18-anyos ngunit kinakailangan pa ring suportahan ng mga magulang ang kanilang anak kahit higit 18-anyos na kung ito ay may kaugnayan sa kanyang pag-aaral.

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2. Sino ang obligadong magbibigay ng Child Support?

Regular na financial support para sa pangangailangan ng isang bata ang child support. Itinuturing itong joint obligation ng ina at ama.

 

Madalas ibinibigay ito ng non-custodial parent o magulang na walang physical custody sa kanyang anak o wala sa poder nito ang kanyang anak.

Kung kapwa naman nagtatrabaho ang mga magulang, nararapat lamang na silang dalawa ang magbibigay ng suporta sa bata lalo na kung ang kostudiya ng bata ay nasa ibang tao, halimbawa kamag-anak.

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3. Ano ang non-custodal parent vs. custodial parent?

Sa pangkalahatan, ang child support ay ibinibigay sa custodial parent ng non-custodial parent, ngunit maari din itong ibayad sa ibang tao, halimbawa kamag-anak o guardian na siyang may kostudiya o nagpapalaki sa bata.

Non-custodial parent — Magulang ngunit walang parental authority sa anak.

Custodial parent — Magulang na may parental authority, ibig sabihin may karapatan at responsibilidad na magpalaki sa anak.

Sa kaso ng mga ikinasal, kapwa may kostudiya sa bata ang mga magulang.  Sakaling nanganak ang babaeng hindi kasal, siya ang may karapatan sa kostudiya ng anak ngunit maari naman mag-request ng custody ang ama sa korte.

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4. Magkano ang Child Support na dapat ibigay ayon sa batas?

Walang fixed rate or percentage ang child support. Ang korte ang magde-desisyon kung magkano ang ibabayad ayon na rin sa pangangailangan ng bata at kapasidad ng magulang.

Ayon sa parameters na itinakda ng Article 201 ng Family Code, naka-proportion sa income ng nagbibigay na magulang ang child support at sa pangangailangan ng bata.

Halimbawa, hindi maaring hingan ng P10,000 a month na child support ang isang ama na kumikita lamang ng minimum wage dahil hindi niya ito kayang ibigay. Sa kabilang banda, hindi naman matatawag na sobra-sobra ng isang top executive ang demand na P10,000 bilang child support kung ito ay sumasahod ng P100,000 a month.

Kung ang pangangailangan ng bata kagaya ng pagkain, pananamit, gamot at iba pa ay hindi lalampas sa P10,000, walang rason upang humingi ng sobra sa nabanggit na halaga.

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5. Paano mag-file ng claim para sa Child Support?

Una, kailangang mapatunayan ng custodial parent na ang non-custodial parent ay may relasyon sa bata. Kung may pagdududa, maaring isailalim ang mga ito sa DNA testing.

Kung napatunayan ang relasyon ng dalawa na mag-ama o mag-ina ang mga ito, maari nang humingi ng child support ang custodial parent. Sakaling tumanggi ang non-custodial parent, maari itong kasuhan para sa child support. 

May kaakibat na gastos ang pagsasampa ng kaso, ngunit maraming paraan upang hindi makagastos ng malaki. Maaring makahingi ng tulong sa Public Attorney’s Office o Department of Social Welfare and Development.

5. May mga limitations pa ang pag-demand ng child support?

Laging tandaan na ang child support ay naaayon sa financial capacity ng pamilya. Kung ang magulang ay nasa middle class, hindi maaring i-demand ng isang magulang nai-enroll ang kanyang anak sa napaka-mahal na international schools na hindi nila kayang bayaran. Ito ay isang patas at pantay na pagsukat para sa suporta. "One cannot give what he does not have."

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6. Paano ang pagbabayad ng Child Support at sino ang karapat-dapat na tumanggap ng pera?

Sa usapin ng child support, madalas na nagbibigay ng allowance o child support ang non-custodial parent sa magulang na nag-aalaga o custodial parent. 

Maaari ding alagaan ng non-custodial parent ang anak nito sa kanyang bahay maliban na lamang kung may "moral" reason na hindi ito posible.

 

7. Paano kung ayaw magbayad ng child support ang non-custodial parent?

Kung hindi magkasundo ang mga magulang, maaring mag-demand ng child support ang custodial parent. Sakaling nagmatigas naman ang non-custodial parent sa pagbabayad ng child support matapos natanggap ang hinihinging demand, maaring isampa sa korte ang kaso. 

Ang kaso ay maaring i-file sa Regional Trial Courts na magsisilbi din na Family Courts para sa hearing ng kaso.

Kung sa una pa lang, nagkasundo na sa child support ang mga magulang, wala ng rason upang umabot pa sa korte ang kaso.

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8. Ano ang legal liability ng mga magulang na hindi o nagmamatigas sa pagbibigay ng child support?

Kabilang sa mga batas na sumasakop sa child support ay ang Family Code at Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act o  Anti-VAWC Law.

 

Ngunit tanging ang Anti-VAWC Lamang ang naghahayag ng posibleng penalty para sa non-payment ng child support ngunit kung ito ay naghahayag ng "economic abuse"

Isinasaad ng batas na "depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her children of financial support legally due her or her family, or deliberately providing the woman’s children insufficient financial support can constitute economic abuse" na maaring maparusahan ng hanggang sa anim na taong pagka-bilanggo.

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'Posible Kang Makulong' - Reminders to Fathers Who Failed to Support a Child

Lack of child supports is one of the common problems a woman may face from her ex-husband or partner after separation or break-up. But to all deadbeat fathers out there, don't you know that failure to pay child support to your children is a crime and may cost you a fine or land you in jail?

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According to Atty. Noel Del Prado, a lawyer specializing in family court cases, a father who fails to support his children is a violation of Section 5 of Republic Act 9262 or the Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act. 

It means single mothers, including overseas Filipina workers (OFWs), can file a case against their ex-husbands or partners who have been remiss of their financial obligations to their children. 

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He said there are certain parameters have been set by the law to determine whether a father – biological or otherwise – can be charged.

If found guilty, these deadbeat fathers can be jailed for six months to six years and can be fined of P100,000 to P300,000. According to Del Prado, failure to pay child support is considered an economic abuse.

©2019 THOUGHTSKOTO

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How to File Financial Support If An OFW Abandons His Family

An Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) that abandons his wife and children in the Philippines is not a new story to all of us. But as the one who is being left behind with children to raise up, what should you do?

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Husbands are bound by law to give financial support to his family especially his children. According to the Family Code of the Philippines, a wife and her children should receive financial support including sustenance, dwelling, clothing, medical attendance, education, transportation, etc.

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On the other hand, Anti-Violence against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 Section 5 (e) states that depriving the woman and her children of financial support legally due her or her family is a crime punishable by time in jail and a fine of no less than P100,000. Aside from this, it is also a punishable crime if one deliberately provides insufficient financial support to children.

Who Can File For A Financial Support?

The victim can apply directly. If the applicant is not the victim then an affidavit of the applicant should be presented. The affidavit should include the circumstances of abuse suffered by the victim and the circumstances of consent given by the victim for filling the application.

How to file?

A wife can ask for support in writing, and it should be signed and verified under oath.

In your application, you may be asked the following:

• You and your husband’s names and addresses
• Description of relationship
• Statement of the circumstance of the abuse (including abandonment and no provision of support) and a description of the reliefs requested:

1. Request for counsel and reasons for such
2. Request for waiver of application fees for hearing and
3. An attestation that there is no pending application for a protection order in another court.

Where to apply?

An applicant can apply to any regional, metropolitan, municipal and municipal circuit trial courts with territorial jurisdiction over the place where the woman lives.

How much can financial support be received?

• The amount of support will be deduced from the needs of the woman and children and the means of the husband.
• This amount can be reduced or increased also depending on the same variables.
• While the case is being heard in court, the wife can already receive some financial support by asking for pendent lite.
• The husband should send an allowance within the first five days of every month.

What if the husband refuses to communicate?

Although the Philippine court does not have jurisdiction over your husband as long as he is out of the country, you can still file a petition as soon as he goes home. File a Protection Order under RA 9262 and a Hold Departure Order.

Once granted the Protection Order, the judge will direct the employer of your husband to remit support directly to you and your children. If the employer disregards this notice, they can be penalized for contempt of court and be imprisoned and fined.

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CHILD SUPPORT: What If Birth Certicate Lacks Dad’s Signature? How to Claim?

Dear PAO,
Can I still ask for financial support from the father of my son even though he did not sign the birth certificate? He used to give support to our son but suddenly he stopped when he met his current girlfriend.
Queen

"Dear Queen,
You may still ask for support even though the father of your son did not sign the latter’s birth certificate. It is imperative, however, that you present proof showing the relationship of your son to his father.

Before a child can ask for support, the relationship or filiation between him and the alleged father must first be established. Under the law, the filiation of a child, legitimate or illegitimate, may be established by any of the following:"

"Before a child can ask for support, the relationship or filiation between him and the alleged father must first be established. Under the law, the filiation of a child, legitimate or illegitimate, may be established by any of the following:

(1) The record of birth appearing in the civil register or a final judgment; or

(2) An admission of filiation in a public document or a private handwritten instrument and signed by the parent concerned;

(3) The open and continuous possession of the status of a child; or

(4) Any other means allowed by the Rules of Court and special laws (Articles 172 & 175, Family Code).

Any of the means mentioned above may be used. Hence, the lack of signature of the father in the birth certificate will not defeat the right of the child to recognition and support if the filiation is proved by other available means, such as admission of the father in a public document or a private handwritten instrument."

Read the rest of the answer of Atty Persida Acosta, here

READ OUR ARTICLES ON CHILD SUPPORT:

Guidelines on How to File for Child Support if You're a Single Parent

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